Chais2025_Heb_and_Eng-web

Dania P. Sacks, Sharona T. Levy 53E Domain Overall Physical Social Significant domain differences Systems Concepts Pretest M ( SD) Posttest M (SD) Pretest M ( SD ) Posttest M (SD) Pretest M (SD) Posttest M (SD ) Levels- Transition 2.47 (1.85) 2.40 (1.81) 0.73 (0.70) 1.00 (1.46) 1.73 (1.62) 1.40 (1.18) Social > Physical Emergence 0.07 (0.26) 0.07 (0.26) 0.07 (0.26) 0.07 (0.26) 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) - Mid-level 0.93 (0.96) 0.33 (0.62) * 0.27 (0.59) 0.20 (0.41) 0.67 (0.90) 0.13 (0.35)* - Interactions 6.20 ) 3.59 ( 6.20 ) 4.16 ( 4.87 (2.85) 4.60 (1.77) 1.33 (1.35) 1.93 (2.82) Physical > Social Parallel- Events 0.00 ) 0.00 ( 0.00 ) 0.00 ( 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) - Control 0.53 ) 0.92 ( 0.33 ) 0.72 ( 0.13 (0.35) 0.00 (0.00) 0.40 (0.91) 0.33 (0.72) - Predictability 0.00 ) 0.00 ( 0.00 ) 0.00 ( 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 ) 0.00 ( 0.00 ) 0.00 ( - Non- Linearity 1.73 (1.34) 0.93 (0.80) 1.07 (1.22) 0.27 (0.46)* 0.67 (0.62) 0.67 (0.72) - Equilibration 0.07 (0.26) 0.00 ) 0.00 ( 0.07 (0.26) 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 ) 0.00 ( 0.00 ) 0.00 ( - Rates and Flows 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) - Note to Table. 1. Statistical tests for significance were made using paired t -tests and using a series of mixed- effect Poisson-log regression models. Significant differences from pretest to posttest are marked on the posttest results with * signifying p < .05, and ** signifying p <.01. RQ2: Impact of System Domain on Reasoning Although no overall increase in systems concept use was observed, domain-specific analyses revealed notable patterns. Physical tasks prompted more macro-level references and articulation of micro-level interactions, while social tasks elicited more level-transitions. Mixed-effect Poisson-log regression showed significant predictors for system domain and macro-level use ( F (1, 116) = 6.21, p = .014), level-transitions ( F (1, 116) = 4.88, p = .029), and interaction use ( F (1, 116) = 27.22, p < .001). Time (pretest vs. posttest) was not a significant predictor overall. RQ3: Simulations Storybook Interaction Characterization A case study of "Dan," a 6"2' year-old boy, illustrates a shift in focus across the two models in the storybook from individual rabbits in the first model to relating individual behaviors to group